International Students And Global Education Sociology Essay

International Students And Global Education Sociology Essay There is a widespread recognition and belief that our increasingly interconnected and interdependent global society mandates that students be educated to develop habits of the mind that embrace tolerance, a commitment to cooperation, an appreciation of our common humanity, and a sense of responsibility. The international students are the future leader of tomorrow. Understanding global issues is critical to the students across the global as they endeavor to promote democratic principles and social justice, improve our economic competitiveness, and provide leadership in the future. However, not enough is being done in public schools and classrooms to expose students to global issues. Research shows that most American students lag behind their peers in other countries in their knowledge of world geography, foreign languages, and cultures ( National Geographic-Roper, 2002). Our curriculum must undergo a paradigm shift recognizing that in order to be truly globally competitive; our teache rs must be globally competent. Educating young people to become global citizens will allow them to learn about the interdependence of the worlds systems, believe that solutions to global challenges are attainable, and feel morally compelled to confront global injustices and take responsible action to promote a just, peaceful and sustainable world. If we truly aspire to have a world-class education that connects and recognizes that what we do affects other humans in the world, we must engage with the world. The challenges that face the world today-from global poverty and climate change to financial systems and conflict-require globally-minded solutions (OMeara, 1997). Knowledge of these skills is necessary so that young people can invent a future that appropriately addresses global challenges. These young international students must gain global competence in addressing international issues as well as gaining the ability to work with people of diverse cultural backgrounds. Teaching for global connectedness should be grounded in the personal experiences of the student and her/his community. Teachers must be able to help students to connect global issues with daily life experiences. According to Ryan and Durning (1997) students ought to consider the impact of their daily consumption (and garbage) on the lives of other people and places in the world; the consumption of coffee, newspapers, t-shirts, shoes, car, computer, hamburger, french-fries and cola are traced from their origins through the inequities of the production process to the consequences of waste products. Teachers must approach global education from different perspectives, says Merry Merryfield, associate professor of social studies and global education at The Ohio State University. For example: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦some teachers have the rationale that, in order to compete in a global economy, students need a global perspectivebut others want to make the world a better place in terms of the environment and social justice. Still others want to promote cross-cultural understanding. Each of these is a valid approach, says Merryfield, as long as teachers emphasize multiple perspectives and global interdependence (Rasmussen, 1998, p.2). Teachers also need to have the competences they are trying to teach students. Our college preps do not prepare teachers to be globally competent. Understanding global issues makes teachers more apt to guiding students in the global challenges that face their countries of origin. Given the fragile state of the world and the level of continued destruction, more emphasis should be given to preparing students to become stewards of the earth and participants in democracy for global social justice. Authentic learning occurs when students from diverse cultures meet and work together, especially when they have equal status and collaborative goals that have meaning in their lives (Johnson Johnson, 1992). Global educators find ways to increase their students experiences with people different from themselves through work with international students from local universities, immigrant organizations in the community, service learning projects, exchanges through e-mail or videos, and taking studen ts overseas (Wilson, 1993). In a 10th grade world history, a unit on the Middle East, some teachers may motivate students by presenting exotic images-such as the harem, polygamy, belly dancing, Arab sheiks, and camel races-and may fail to challenge students comments that stereotype all Arabs as supporters of terrorism or all Arab women as having few rights. But Global educators, however, purposefully address stereotypes and challenge the exotic images and misperceptions that students bring with them into the classroom. They develop lessons to replace misinformation with knowledge of the complexity of cultures, cultural conflicts, and global issues. To begin a unit on the Middle East, for example, a global educator asks students to brainstorm what they know about Muslims, Arabs, and the Middle East and then immediately addresses common misperceptions. When students confuse the terms Arab and Muslim, the teacher helps students map where Arabs live and introduces primary sources for st udents to differentiate diverse Arab cultures and the Muslim world (Said, 1997). Said (1993) ideas on how Europeans constructed the Orient can help students recognize the exotic images of the Middle East in popular media, entertainment, and textbooks, and distinguish them from the materials that people of other countries have posted on the Internet and what local Egyptian, Lebanese, and Iranian students say about their lives back home. In developing an appreciation of the complexities within other cultures, students learn to challenge sweeping generalizations, misinformation, and stereotypes. Global Challenges Sustainable development and climate change People all over the world are struggling with problems of a magnitude no other generation has faced. Even in the most affluent nations, millions of people suffer from hunger, homelessness, and unattended health problems. Sach (1995) opines that wars, civil conflicts and invasions take the lives of millions more. Global changes in the climate are creating severe local weather conditions, destroying lives and property. Well intended projects continue to despoil the land, water and air ( Sach, 1995 p.7). Millions of tons of hazardous waste generated by industrialized countries are exported to non-industrialized areas of the world without regard to the health and environment consequences. Jacobson (1991) says that over three billion pounds of pesticides a year are used globally causing human poisonings, harm to fish and wildlife, livestock losses, groundwater contamination, destruction of natural vegetation, and more pests resistant to pesticides (Jacobson et al, 1991, p. 45). Deforestat ion, soil erosion, destruction of habitat, extinction of species, and depletion of aquifers are but a few of the many attacks on our planet. While natural resources are stripped from the earth, new species are genetically engineered by corporations for profitability and monopolized through complex international patent laws with few constraints for releasing them into the environment. According to Shiva (1997) ancient knowledge of plants and animals, and even human genetic material, are stolen from indigenous peoples and used to generate wealth for a few while the cultures which generated the knowledge are decimated. As these examples demonstrate, human rights and environmental issues are clearly intertwined. A country like Kenya is a prime example of not providing an economic infrastructure to meet the subsistence needs of the communities in the northern part of the country and creating man made famine. Countries with hungry people export grains or feed them to livestock for export. Millions of jobs are eliminated by technology or runaway factories as CEO salaries skyrocket. While the United Nations ratified a Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989, more than 250 million children are forced into labor (Sanders, 1997). Enormous resources are wasted on the production of guns and weapons of mass destruction as social programs and education funds are drastically reduced. Projects to solve one problem have created other problems. McMichaels (1993) observes that dams, viewed for decades as creating clean energy and providing irrigation, are responsible for destroying the means of subsistence for millions of people who are forced to relocate their homes (McMichaels, 1993 page 36). Alteri ng the natural flow of rivers, these dams flood millions of hectares of arable land, create conditions for water born diseases and prevent fish from spawning. Aquaculture, heralded as the answer to declining fish and shrimp populations, is despoiling the habitat of other species. The primacy of profit maximization over all other values is the core of both social and environmental problems. Nations and nature are being restructured to meet this primary goal, not to meet the needs of ordinary people or to ensure a sustainable environment. The problems created are global, with consequences for many different countries and communities. For example, when U. S. companies move plants and jobs to other countries to take advantage of cheaper labor, they leave economic devastation in local U.S. communities and undermine the existing economies in the new locations. At the same time, they take advantage of less stringent environmental policies in other countries that allow them to pollute more freely or to use chemicals banned in the United States. Sometimes, these chemicals return to consumers in the U.S. in the imported products. Global problems necessitate going beyond national borders to embracing the concept of global citizenship. By learning how global issues affec t individual and community lives, how and why decisions are made which affect the planet and life on it and, most importantly, means by which the future can be influenced, global education can prepare students to become socially responsible international citizens. The empowerment of women Empowerment of women has been one of the strongest drivers of social evolution over the past century, and many argue that it is the most efficient strategy for addressing the global challenges in this chapter. Only two countries allowed women to vote at the beginning of the twentieth century; today there is virtually universal suffrage, the average ratio of women legislators worldwide has reached 19.2%, and over 20 countries have women heads of state or government. Patriarchal structures are increasingly challenged, and the movement toward gender equality is irreversible. With an estimated control of over 70% of global consumer spending, women are strongly influencing market preferences. Analysis shows a direct interdependence between countries Gender Gap Index and their Competitiveness Index scores and that Fortune 500 companies with more gender-balanced boards could outperform the others by as much as 50%. Yet the Gender Equity Index 2010 shows that significant differences still remain in economic participation and political empowerment. Gender stereotyping continues to have negative impacts on women around the world, and although progress is being made on closing the gender gap in terms of establishing global and national policies, real improvement will only be achieved when conflicts between written laws and customary and religious laws and practices are eliminated. Environmental disasters, food and financial crises, armed conflicts, and forced displacement further increase vulnerabilities and generate new forms of disadvantages for women and children. Women account for over 40% of the worlds workforce, earn less than 25% of the wages, and represent about 70% of people living in poverty. An OECD survey found that women spend more time on unpaid work than men do worldwide, with the gap ranging from 1 hour per day in Denmark to 5 hours per day in India. FAO estimates that giving women the same access as men to agricultural resources could reduce the number of hungry people in the world by 12-17%, or 100-150 million people. Child malnutrition levels are estimated to be 60% above average where women lack the right to land ownership and 85% above average where they have no access to credit. Microcredit institutions reported that by 2010, nearly 82% (about 105 million) of their poorest clients were women. However, many of their businesses are too small to transform their economic status, points out FEMNET. Empowerment of women is highly accelerated by the closing gender gap in education. Most countries are reaching gender parity in primary education, and 50% of university students worldwide are women. Yet regional disparities are high, and UNESCO estimates that women represent about 66% of the 796 million adults who lack basic literacy skills. Although the health gender gap is closing, family planning and maternal health remain critical. Determining the size of the family should be recognized as a basic human right, and more attention should be given to womens health and social support for affordable child care worldwide, including industrial countries, which are facing demographic crises due to low fertility rates. Of the more than 500,000 maternal deaths per year, 99% happen in developing countries, with the highest prevalence in Africa and Asia due to high fertility rates and weak health care systems. Unless providing effective family planning to the 215 million women who lack it is seen as a key component of development, the UN goal to reduce maternal mortality to 120 deaths per 100,000 live births by 2015 will not be achieved. Regulations should be enacted and enforced to stop female genital mutilation, which traumatizes about 3 million girls in Africa each year, in addition to the 100-142 million women worldwide affected by it today. While the prevalence of this in Egypt, Guinea, and some parts of Uganda is at over 90%, communities in India, Indonesia, Malaysia, and even in the EU are also affected. Violence against women is the largest war today, as measured by death and casualties per year. While the proportion of women exposed to physical violence in their lifetime ranges from 12% to 59%, a function of region and culture, sexual assaults remain one of the most underreported crimes worldwide, continuing to be perpetrated with impunity. According to UNODC, 66% of the victims of the $32 billion global industry of human trafficking are women and children. The Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children, has 142 parties and 117 signatories thus far, but it has yet to be adopted and enforced by some key countries. Female vulnerability increases during conflict, when sexual violence is often used as a weapon. Recovery from conflict and disaster should be used as opportunities to rectify inequalities. Nevertheless, women make up only 8% of peace negotiators, and only 25 countries have developed National Action Plans supporting UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on womens protection in conflict and participation in peace processes. Reduce the gap between rich and poor? The world needs a long-term strategic plan for a global partnership between rich and poor. Such a plan should use the strength of free markets and rules based on global ethics to combat poverty. Conventional approaches to poverty reduction (technical assistance and credit) that work in low- and middle-income stable countries do not work in fragile countries, which need stability first. Ethical market economies and systems require improved fair trade, increased economic freedom, a level playing field guaranteed by an honest judicial system with adherence to the rule of law and by governments that provide political stability, a chance to participate in local development decisions, reduced corruption, insured property rights, business incentives to comply with social and environmental goals, a healthy investment climate, and access to land, capital, and information. Direction from central government with relatively free markets is competing with the decentralized, individualized private enterprise for lifting people out of poverty (Hersh and . Paterson, 1994 pages 93-94) An alternative to trying to beat the brain drain is to connect people overseas to the development process back home by a variety of Internet systems. According to UNDP, if the WTO eliminated agricultural export subsidies, developing countries would gain $72 billion per year, according to UNDP. Structural imbalances in world trade have to be corrected to assure fair competition, respect of human rights, and labor and environmental standards, as well as efficient management of the global commons and prevention of monopolies. Chinas monetary policy adjustments could help other countries economic development and access to world markets. International students must be exposed to these issues and offer possible solutions in a project oriented instruction. Also as a resource, the native students from these countries provide a rich understanding of how the issues affect their lives. Australia has set up a recruiting structure that gives international students scholarships with a pledge that these students will work in Australia for five years after graduation before returning to the mother country. Relationships are being developed to foster cooperation and understanding. The case study of such programs would enhance students understanding of international connectedness as international students. They can learn that the human experience is an increasingly globalized phenomenon in which people are constantly being influenced by transnational, cross-cultural, multi-cultural, multi-ethnic interactions. It is therefore important international students begin developing a deeper understanding of the worlds economic, social, a nd political issues.

Tom’s Shoes

Tom’s Shoes Richard Morrow EMK 3601 Principles of Marketing October 28, 2012 The baby boomer generation may be a difficult group to reach for this company. First I don’t think canvas shoes are primary footwear for this group. The advertising campaign they have possibly will not reach them also as most of it is done thru the internet and unconventional media outlets. I also don’t think they will react well to the buy one set of shoes and they will donate a pair on your behalf. I believe they will be skeptical about who the shoes will be donated to.They are a bit more financially conservative when it comes to buying things that are not essential. The generation X group would be a better target for Tom’s Shoes than the baby boomer generation. They are a group that in general engages in outside activities than previous generations. These shoes are good for outside activities. This group grew up wearing vans and airwalks so they may like the nostalgia of their youth with these shoes. They may be receptive to the buy a pair of shoes if another pair gets donated to people in the third world countries.They will respond to the advertisements better than the baby boomer generation as they have in general more experience with internet advertising avenues. They also in general like to be a part of helping out people which are not that well off. The millennials generation would be the best generation to target for Tom’s shoes. They are a generation that has worn canvas shoes most of their lives. This generation is the first to have digital technology all of their life. This will make them very comfortable looking at the advertisements sent thru social media, the website, and other electronic means.The group also is likely to post it online without any request from Tom’s shoes. They also are likely to spread the information that is posted online hoping to get more people participating in the cause. They will also be responsive to don ating as they have not had the opportunity previously to help society as a generation. I think Tom’s shoes does well in walking the fine line between increased sales and facing charges of exploitation of third world people. He does well in that he posts exactly how many shoes have currently been given away. In 2010 he stated that they have given away more than 600,000 pairs of shoes.He is also very clear on the ratio of shoes bought and shoes donated. Their does not appear to be any hidden things with the proceeds. It is not like the things that say a portion of proceeds goes to charity. I think some people buy his shoes because they feel like they are personally making a difference in the world. They also identify with the company’s views in helping humanity halt of disease by providing shoes to halt the diseases.Work Cited Kotler, Philip, and Gary Armstrong. Principles of Marketing. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2012. Print.

Women in the Military - 1453 Words

Women have done incredible things within the history of the world. They have proven time and time again that they are equal in just about every way with the opposite gender. However now the question of whether they can or even should fight beside men in combat has come up. Many people think that because almost the whole world has recognized that each individual has all the same basic rights, regardless of their gender or race, that everyone can do the same job equally. This is simply not true and women should not be allowed to serve in combat roles. Although the lifting of the ban on women in combat seems to be â€Å"pro-woman† it is not. It is putting them in harm’s way and not just that; it is putting women in situations that are not†¦show more content†¦Women make up 14.6% of the total military in the United States and the majority of them do not want to be put into combat roles. (Mackenzie, â€Å"Let Women Fight†, Foreign Affairs) There are some wome n who want to be closer to the action and they take roles in programs like the Lioness programs which are used to help infantry soldiers communicate to civilians in villages across Iraq and Afghanistan. Not only is this a slim percentage of women in the military but women regularly reject joining these programs because of the danger or the fears that come with joining an infantry unit. (McNulty, 155, â€Å"Myth Busted†) The psychological affects from women sent to combat roles cannot be understated. In a study of women in combat roles done to 450 Israeli Defense Soldiers during their basic training showed that the stress level was significantly higher in the women who had combat training than the men who had the same training. (Moran, â€Å"Psychological Aspects†, Personal and Individual Differences) This was not only due to the nature of the role; having to be prepared to fight in battle constantly, but also due to the fact that women have to change their mindset of b eing women because historically militaries and wars are manly in nature. Women often try to fit into these roles; only increasing stress levels because they are worrying about their social status in their units. With stress levels highShow MoreRelatedWomen and the Military1125 Words   |  5 PagesWomen and the Military Statistics show that the U.S. armed forces currently employ over 229,000 women in its various branches (Donnelly 8). This figure had been increasing exponentially for over 30 years. It s no surprise to men that women are becoming an important factor in the U.S. military and now occupy every position expect those on the front lines. With the infiltration of women in the services in 1972, great controversy has arisen and has become a highly argued issue (DonnellyRead MoreWomen in the Military1458 Words   |  6 PagesGender integration in the military has always faced the question of social acceptance, whether society can accept how women will be treated and respected in the military. Throughout the history of the military, our leadership has always sought ways in how to integrate without upsetting the general public if our females were captured as prisoners of war, raped, discriminated or even blown up in combat. My paper will discuss three situations pertaining to the fi rst female submariner, fighter pilotRead MoreWomen in Military1248 Words   |  5 PagesWomen in the United States have long fought for the right to be included in many facets of society such as the right to vote to breaking into professions like the medical field and getting females elected to major government offices. But one of the most intriguing questions of integration has yet to be fully answered. Apart from all others is the battle to allow women the right, the honor, and the privilege of serving and defending their country as part of the United States Armed Forces. Being inRead MoreThe Military : Protections For Women In The Military1715 Words   |  7 Pagesin 2016 compared to 6,082 last year, an annual military report showed. This was a sharp jump from 2012 when 3,604 cases were reported. Few bills have been presented in Congress against the institution for fear of disrespecting those who are fighting for our country. By attacking one section of the military for injusti ce and abuse, there is fear that this could possibly only be scratching the surface of the issue. Protections for women in the military seem to have a bleak outcome due to the fact thatRead MoreWomen in the Military Essay1469 Words   |  6 Pages Women have fought alongside men in the United States Military in every major battle since the American Revolution. The roles of women in the military have evolved over time to allow the incorporation of women in expanding military career fields. Women have proven themselves to be an asset to the military despite some of society believing women would weaken America’s military effectiveness. Today more than 200,000 women are active-duty military, this is about 14.5% of all military. Currently, womenRead More Women in the Military Essay637 Words   |  3 Pagesfollowed. In 1920, the 19th Amendment granted suffrage to women. Since then, women have been gradually stepping up on the ladder of success. Everyday more and more opportunities are opening themselves up for women. Because of these changes, we have had to add unheard of words such as congresswoman, policewoman, etc. to the dictionary to keep up with their advancement. The United States military is even inviting women into their ranks. Military Women rising up in status and prestige is a great thing, butRead MoreWomen in the Military Essay531 Words   |  3 Pagesfocused on why women should be in the military. I chose this topic in order to get a full view on how women in the military are thought of. I have done some research and have learned a lot more then I originally expected. According to the U.S. Constitution, all men are created equal, this also includes women. I believe that a woman in the military is just as capable as any man. Some people will argue this because they feel as though it is not right to have women wounded or killedRead More Women in the Military Essay1112 Words   |  5 PagesShould women be allowed in the military? My answer was at first a resounding â€Å"no.† However, once I started my research, my opinion changed. In 1948, Congress passed the combat exclusion law that prohibited women in the Air Force, Marines, and Navy to hold combat positions; however, the Army can assign these duties as they see fit (Schroeder). Some people assume that Americans are not ready to see a woman wounded or killed in war; however, there are female police officers that are wounded or killedRead More Women in the Military Essay667 Words   |  3 PagesI am in favor of equality for women, just not when it comes to women in combat. There have been women in society doing heroic things since the Revolutionary war. There have been brave women in war posing as men so they could fight. There are a select few women who could handle war and combat. The negat ive aspects of women in combat outweigh the positive. Women should not participate in military combat. However they may join the military and served in traditional roles such as nurses and office staffRead MoreEvolution of Women in the Military3618 Words   |  15 PagesThe Evolution of Women in the Military Abstract Women are without doubt an integral part of the military services. It took the determination of women throughout history to pave the way for the 400,000, women that serve today. From the early years of the military to the present conflict in Afghanistan, women have made continuous progress towards equality. It is through their contributions that the military has evolved, consistently opening more jobs to women in combat. Time has proven that

Understanding The Terminology Of The Lgbt Community

Definition Understanding the terminology of the LGBT community is often complicated. LGBT, which was once known as the â€Å"gay community,† is an acronym that describes different gender expression or identities. The acronym was created to be more inclusive and have more diverse groups. It allowed individuals of the LGBT community to fully express themselves in different ways. The first word of the acronym is lesbian. The word lesbian is defined as an individual who identifies as a women and who are physically and emotionally attracted to other women (Huegel, 2011). People who identify themselves as lesbian may also choose an alternative word to identify themselves as, gay. The term gay is often used to describe both homosexual men and women however in reference to men, gay describes men who are physically and emotionally attracted to other men (Huegel, 2011). Men more often use the term gay when identifying themselves than women. According to Huegel (2011), â€Å"bisexual is defined as people who are emotionally and physically attracted to people of either sex† (p.9). When an individual identifies as bisexual it can often cause complications within and outside of the LGBT community. They are often told,† they are confused about who they are,† or â€Å"they just cannot make up their minds,† however bisexuality has been scientifically proven as a valid identity (Huegel, 2011). The last word in the acronym is Transgender. Transgender is also another term that has to be broken down forShow MoreRelatedThe Workplace Of The Lgbt Community1494 Words   |  6 Pages History and background of topic Workplace discrimination in the lgbt community has been an issue since the early 1900’s, but lgbt rights weren’t progressing much until 1990’s. It was not until 1973 that the first federal bill introduced to congress prohibit discrimination in employment based on sexual orientation (Badgett, Lau, Sears, Ho, 2007). In 1994 the Don t ask, don t tell (DADT) was the official United States policy on service by gays, bisexuals, and lesbians in the military (BadgettRead MoreExplicit And Realistic Representation Of Lgbt +2019 Words   |  9 Pages Accurate and realistic representation of LGBT+ individuals in today’s society is unproportional and lacking. While it is safe to say that the majority of people in the United States have a basic understanding of what LGBT+ means, their understanding may not be as complete as it should be and of the sparse rhetoric coverage of LGBT+ issues, no one really goes past the four first letters of the acronym: lesbian, gay, bi sexual and transgender. Essentially, all other â€Å"queer† identities are swept underRead MoreThe, Social, And Social Justice Warrior886 Words   |  4 Pagestheir cause as well as a nuisance to the very people they try to defend, as not everyone with a minority disadvantage will agree with an SJW s (or social justice warrior) approach. Various regional, cultural, and dialectal differences across communities convolute the circumstances even further. For these reasons, I often ignore the ramblings of feminists and gender identity activists when their messages of overgeneralized stereotype-breaking become hateful and target another group. SJWs troll theRead MoreResearch Based Masters In Philosophy Essay1186 Words   |  5 Pageslanguage and social issues is not only supported by the offered modules and reading groups, but a faculty of shared interests and a socially conscious greater campus community. Through engagement with the university’s greater community focused projects and Sheffield organizations such as LGBT Sheffield, I hope to be an active part of this community. My bachelors degree in philosophy will offer a sturdy foundation in the discipline, while my undergraduate research and undergraduate social justice largelyRead MoreGender Identity And Gender Expression1993 Words   |  8 Pagesone’s outward presentations and behaviors (gender expression) related to that perception, including their gender role.† (Understanding Gender) Gender identity is also easily confused with biological sex. â€Å"Biological gender (sex) includes physical attributes such as external genitalia, sex chromosomes, gonads, sex hormones, and internal reproductive structures.† (Understanding Gender) Biological sex refers to what’s physically on the outside of your body, and gender is more of a mental ordeal or whatRead MoreGender Identity : An Unfamiliar And Confusing Concept956 Words   |  4 PagesHowever, now that the LGBT community is gaining more popularity and momentum than ever before, these individuals are slowly but surely becoming more understood and treated equally, as the idea of gender identity uncertainty and exploration is becoming more widely accepted. Americans are finally opening their eyes and ears so to be educated about these misunderstood and mistreated people. Has this been effective? Before that question can be answered, one must understand the terminology behind the discussionRead MoreA Research Study On Transgender Orientation1661 Words   |  7 PagesThe terminology throughout gender is constantly evolving as is the understanding of the growing issues and therefore is inconsistent throughout the literature. Transgender may refer to people who embrace a different gender identity on a full time basis to that appointed at birth, which may be ambiguous or gender specific, but without any medical intervention. Transsexual is often used to differentiate those who have taken medical intervent ion to live full time in the fixed gender different to thatRead MoreEssay On AIDS1762 Words   |  8 Pages On larger scales as well, societies have been depriving LGBT people of their histories and rights in order to preserve the current social and cultural climates. As rigid social classes have started to become more blurred, AIDs literature has become more mainstream and the history of the AIDs crisis in terms of gay people has become less shadowed. The first truly definable category of AIDs writing is in the face of the initial media blackout, wherein only those who were affected by the disease wroteRead MoreThe Civils Rights Act Of 19642307 Words   |  10 Pagesstill facing discrimination. LGBT employees are a group that has received minimal attention when it comes to initiatives for diversifying the workplace and addressing discrimination complaints. In my paper I will be performing a content analysis and examining how the U.S. is currently responding to discrimination complaints filed by the LGBT community. Introduction Those who have identify themselves as lesbian, gay, bi-sexual, or transgender (LGBT) have traditionally been opaqueRead MorePrejudice And Discrimination Regarding Lgbt Essay2199 Words   |  9 Pages Prejudice and Discrimination Regarding LGBT+ Associates in Athletics There are differences between what is considered to be prejudice and what discrimination is. Prejudice is identified as a typically negative attitude that is directed towards an individual s social status, or group. Discrimination is reported as completing a negative act, or acts, towards a group, or individuals in a group, on the bias of the same reason or reasons. Given what is known, or inferred, about prejudice and discrimination

His 145 Social Movements and Trends Essay - 698 Words

Social Movements and Trends University of Phoenix The American Experience Since 1945 - HIS/145 October 6, 2012 Richard Pinder Social Movements and Trends Women have always fought for the right of equality and control of their bodies. Many instances occurred throughout history that supported a woman’s fight for equal representation and fair legislation, especially for those who were impoverished. This paper will discuss three articles from 1968 to 1977 that outline women’s battles against the government and the legal system regarding abortion and sterilization. The article details instances in which the government pursued unlawful sterilization as a form of birth control, or denied public funding to poverty stricken women who†¦show more content†¦Not only was birth control taboo, but so was any form of unnatural contraception outside of the rhythm method. Sterilization was disapproved, and refused to women as a means of birth control by many hospitals at the time (New York Times, 1971). Women were discouraged from embracing the idea to exercise control relating to when they would stop having children. This proved to be yet another form of unfair judgment forced upon women by uninformed officials. The New York Civil Liberties Union was notified to help Mrs. Caparelli fight this method of inappropriate control by hospital officials (New York Times, 1971). Article Three: Abortion Cutoff Causing Hardship For Poor Women Around Country This final article explains that the government refuses to pay for abortions of women dependent upon public assistance (Roberts, 1977). Author Steven Roberts, wrote that because women on public assistance were refused financial assistance to acquire abortions, many opting for illegal abortions endangered their lives. Not only were facilities not up to code, but many performing the procedure were not medically approved to do so. As a result, these lower income women had a difficult time acquiring abortion services because many health care facilities refused to carry out the practice. In the end, many women accepted unwanted pregnancies, become more impoverished, and tried to make the best of unplanned situations.Show MoreRelatedThe Transcontinental Caucus Zone1425 Words   |  6 Pageseven with the abundance of natural resources available to the Caucus region, the area continues to fail to reach its economic potential due to political and social turmoil. Russia, Georgia, and Azerbaij an are of particular interest due to the nature of their territorial size and political influence in the Caucus region. The political and social stability of Russia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan are an essential part in determining the future of the Caucuses. Each country’s style of government will be addressedRead MoreThe And Caste Discrimination By Kancha Ilaiah s Why I Am Not A Hindu Essay1534 Words   |  7 Pagesafflicted by an unfortunate evil tendency of exclusion. A sad trend of hatred has emerged in the battle against casteism and caste-based discrimination. Kancha Ilaiah’s Why I am not a Hindu (the non-fictional bestseller of 1996) has been constructed as an expression of the voice of post-Independence Dalitbahujan consciousness, which was an integral part of their socio-political movement. Born in a small South Indian Telangana village in the 1950s, his is the voice of the harassed subaltern, which exposesRead MoreReasons Being Homeschooled Essay3023 Words   |   13 Pagesalternatives to public education. In order to better understand Homeschooling and evaluate its implications in effective education, Homeschooling must be examined in the whole—society. 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The Indigo Spell Chapter One Free Essays

string(81) " the side of the road that put me in mind of crouching animals, ready to pounce\." THIS WASN’T THE FIRST TIME I’d been pulled out of bed for a crucial mission. It was, however, the first time I’d been subjected to such a personal line of questioning. â€Å"Are you a virgin?† â€Å"Huh?† I rubbed my sleepy eyes, just in case this was all some sort of bizarre dream that would disappear. We will write a custom essay sample on The Indigo Spell Chapter One or any similar topic only for you Order Now An urgent phone call had dragged me out of bed five minutes ago, and I was having a little trouble adjusting. My history teacher, Ms. Terwilliger, leaned closer and repeated the question in a stage whisper: â€Å"I said, are you a virgin?† â€Å"Um, yes. . .† I was fully awake now and glanced uneasily around my dorm’s lobby, making sure no one was around to witness this crazy exchange. I didn’t have to worry. Aside from a bored-looking desk attendant on the far side of the room, the lobby was empty, probably because no sane person would be up at this time of night. When Ms. Terwilliger’s call had woken me, she’d demanded I meet her here for a â€Å"life-or-death† matter. Getting interrogated about my personal life wasn’t quite what I’d expected. She stepped back and sighed in relief. â€Å"Yes, of course. Of course you’re a virgin.† I narrowed my eyes, unsure if I should be offended or not. â€Å"Of course? What’s that supposed to mean? What’s going on?† She immediately snapped back to attention and pushed her wire-rimmed glasses up the bridge of her nose. They were always slipping down. â€Å"No time to explain. We have to go.† She grabbed hold of my arm, but I resisted and stayed where I was. â€Å"Ma’am, it’s three in the morning!† And then, just so she’d understand the severity of the situation: â€Å"On a school night.† â€Å"Never mind that.† She turned in the direction of the desk attendant and called across the room, â€Å"I’m taking Sydney Melrose with me. Mrs. Weathers can argue with me about the curfew tomorrow.† The attendant looked startled, but she was just some college student who’d been hired to sit there overnight. She was no match for the formidable Ms. Terwilliger, with her tall, gangly stature and birdlike face. The real authority keeping girls in my dorm was the security guard outside, but he simply nodded in a friendly way when Ms. Terwilliger dragged me past. It made me wonder just how many girls she’d abducted in the middle of the night. â€Å"I’m in my pajamas,† I told her. It was the last protest I could offer as we reached her car, which was parked in a fire lane. She drove a red Volkswagen Beetle with flowers painted on the sides. Somehow, this didn’t surprise me in the least. â€Å"You’ll be fine,† she said, fishing car keys out of her massive velvet purse. Around us, the desert night was cool and silent. Tall palm trees created dark, spiderlike shapes against the sky. Beyond them, a full moon and smattering of stars glittered. I wrapped my arms around myself, touching the soft fabric of my microfleece robe. Underneath it, I had on full-length striped pajamas paired with fluffy beige slippers. The ensemble worked well in my cozy dorm room but wasn’t exactly practical for a Palm Springs night. But then, going out in pajamas wasn’t really practical in any place. She unlocked the car, and I stepped gingerly inside, having to dodge empty paper coffee cups and old issues of Utne Reader. My neat sensibilities cringed at that kind of mess, but it was the least of my worries right now. â€Å"Ms. Terwilliger,† I said, once we were driving through the suburban streets. â€Å"What’s going on?† Now that we were out of the dorm, I hoped she’d start talking sense. I hadn’t forgotten her â€Å"life-or-death† comment and was beginning to grow nervous. Her eyes were on the road ahead of us, and lines of worry marked her angular face. â€Å"I need you to cast a spell.† I froze as I tried to process her words. Not long ago, this proclamation would’ve sent me into protests and fits of revulsion. Not that I was comfortable with it now. Magic still freaked me out. Ms. Terwilliger taught at my private high school, Amberwood Prep, by day and was a witch at night. She said I, too, possessed a natural affinity for magic and had managed to teach me some spells, despite my best efforts to resist. I actually had a few good reasons for wanting to avoid anything arcane. Aside from inborn beliefs about magic being wrong, I simply didn’t want to get caught up in any more supernatural affairs than I had to. I already spent my days as part of a secret society that kept vampires secret from the human world. That and my schoolwork were enough to keep anyone busy. Nonetheless, her magical training had gotten me out of some dangerous situations recently, and I was no longer so quick to dismiss it. So, her suggesting I perform magic wasn’t the weirdest thing going on here. â€Å"Why would you need me for that?† I asked. There were few cars out, but occasionally, passing headlights would cast a ghostly light over us. â€Å"You’re a million times more powerful. I can’t cast a fraction of the things you can.† â€Å"Power is one thing,† she admitted. â€Å"But there are other limitations and factors at work here. I can’t cast this particular spell.† I crossed my arms and slouched back in the seat. If I kept focusing on the practical aspects, I could ignore how worried I was growing. â€Å"And it couldn’t have waited until morning?† â€Å"No,† she said gravely. â€Å"It could not.† Something about the tone of her voice sent chills down my spine, and I fell silent as we continued our drive. We were headed outside of the city and suburbs, into the wilds of the true desert. The farther we drove from civilization, the darker it became. Once we were off the freeway, there were no streetlights or houses in sight. Spiky desert shrubs created dark shapes along the side of the road that put me in mind of crouching animals, ready to pounce. You read "The Indigo Spell Chapter One" in category "Essay examples" There’s no one out here, I thought. And no one back at Amberwood knows you’re here either. I shifted uneasily as I recalled her virgin question. Was I going to be a sacrifice in some unholy ritual? I wished that I’d thought to bring my cell phone – not that I could have told my organization, the Alchemists, that I was spending so much time with a magic user. And not just any magic user – one who was teaching me to become one too. Better to risk being sacrificed than face the Alchemists’ wrath. Twenty minutes later, Ms. Terwilliger finally pulled to a stop along the side of a dusty one-lane road that seemed to be a direct route to nowhere. She got out of the car and motioned for me to do the same. It was colder here than it had been back at Amberwood. Looking up into the night sky, I caught my breath. Free of the city lights, the stars were now out in full force. I could see the Milky Way and a dozen constellations usually hidden to the naked eye. â€Å"Stargaze later,† she said curtly. â€Å"We need to hurry, before the moon progresses much further.† A moonlight ritual, a barren desert, virgin sacrifice . . . what had I just foolishly walked into? The way Ms. Terwilliger pushed me into magic always annoyed me, but I never thought she posed a threat. Now I berated myself for being so naive. She tossed a duffel bag over one shoulder and headed off into a desolate stretch of land, dotted with rocks and scraggly vegetation. Even with the brilliant celestial display there wasn’t much light out here, yet she walked purposefully, as though she knew exactly where she was going. I dutifully followed, wincing as I crossed the rocky ground. My fuzzy slippers had never been intended for this sort of terrain. â€Å"Here,† she said when we reached a small clearing. She carefully set down the duffel bag and knelt to rifle through it. â€Å"This’ll do.† The desert that was so mercilessly hot in the day became cold at night, but I was still sweating. Probably my own anxiety had more to do with that than the temperature or heavy pajamas. I retied my robe more tightly making a perfect knot. I found that kind of detail and routine soothing. Ms. Terwilliger produced a large oval mirror with a scalloped silver frame. She set it down in the middle of the clearing, glanced up at the sky, and then shifted the mirror over a little. â€Å"Come here, Miss Melbourne.† She pointed to a spot opposite her, on the other side of the mirror. â€Å"Sit there and make yourself comfortable.† At Amberwood, I went by the name of Sydney Melrose, rather than my true one, Sydney Sage. Ms. Terwilliger had gotten my made-up name wrong on the first day of class, and it, unfortunately, stuck. I followed her directions, not that I could really get all that comfortable out here. I was pretty sure I could hear some large animal scuffling out in the brush and added â€Å"coyotes† to my mental list of dangers I faced out here, right below â€Å"magic use† and â€Å"lack of coffee.† â€Å"Now then. Let’s get started.† Ms. Terwilliger peered at me with eyes that were dark and frightening in the desert night. â€Å"Are you wearing anything metal? You need to take it off.† â€Å"No, I – oh. Wait.† I reached around my neck and unfastened a delicate gold chain that held a small cross. I’d had the necklace for years but had recently given it to someone else, for comfort. He’d given it back to me recently, by way of our mutual friend Jill Mastrano Dragomir. Even now, I could picture the angry look on her face as she’d stormed up to me at school and thrust the cross into my hand without a word. I stared at the cross now as it gleamed in the moonlight. A queasy feeling welled up in the pit of my stomach as I thought about Adrian, the guy I’d given it to. I’d done so before he professed his love for me, something that had caught me totally off guard a few weeks ago. But maybe I shouldn’t have been so surprised. The more I looked back – and I did so all the time – the more I began to recall telltale signs that should have tipped me off to his feelings. I’d just been too blind to notice at the time. Of course, it wouldn’t have mattered if I’d seen it coming or not. Adrian was totally unsuitable for me, and it had nothing to do with his many vices or potential descent into insanity. Adrian was a vampire. True, he was a Moroi – one of the good, living vampires – but it made no difference. Humans and vampires couldn’t be together. This was one point the Moroi and Alchemists stood firmly together on. It was still amazing to me that Adrian had voiced those feelings to me. It was amazing that he could even have them or that he’d had the nerve to kiss me, even if it was a kiss that had left me dizzy and breathless. I’d had to reject him, of course. My training would allow nothing less. Our situation here in Palm Springs forced the two of us to constantly be together in social situations, and it had been rough since his declaration. For me, it wasn’t just the awkwardness of our new relationship. I . . . well, I missed him. Before this debacle, he and I had been friends and spent a lot of time together. I’d gotten used to his smirky smile and the quick banter that always flowed between us. Until those things were gone, I hadn’t realized how much I relied on them. How much I needed them. I felt empty inside . . . which was ridiculous, of course. Why should I care so much about one vampire? Sometimes it made me angry. Why had he ruined such a good thing between us? Why had he made me miss him so much? And what had he expected me to do? He had to have known it was impossible for us to be together. I couldn’t have feelings for him. I couldn’t. If we’d lived among the Keepers – a group of uncivilized vampires, humans, and dhampirs – maybe he and I could have . . . no. Even if I had feelings for him – and I firmly told myself I didn’t – it was wrong for us to even consider such a relationship. Now Adrian spoke to me as little as possible. And always, always, he watched me with a haunted look in his green eyes, one that made my heart ache and – â€Å"Ah! What is that?† I squirmed as Ms. Terwilliger dumped a bowl full of dried leaves and flowers over my head. I’d been so fixated on the cross and my memories that I hadn’t seen her coming. â€Å"Rosemary,† she said matter-of-factly â€Å"Hyssop. Anise. Don’t do that.† I’d reached up to pull some of the leaves out of my hair. â€Å"You need that for the spell.† â€Å"Right,† I said, getting back to business. I set the cross carefully on the ground, trying to clear my mind of green, green eyes. â€Å"The spell that only I can do. Why is that again?† â€Å"Because it has to be done by a virgin,† she explained. I tried not to grimace. Her words implied that she was not a virgin, and even if that made sense for a forty-year-old woman, it still wasn’t a thought I wanted to spend a lot of time on. â€Å"That, and the person we’re looking for has shielded herself from me. But you? You she won’t expect.† I looked down at the shining mirror and understood. â€Å"This is a scrying spell. Why aren’t we doing the one I did before?† Not that I was eager to repeat that spell. I’d used it to find someone, and it had involved me staring into a bowl of water for hours. Still, now that I knew how to do it, I knew I could perform it again. Besides, I didn’t like the idea of walking into a spell I knew nothing about. Words and herbs were one thing, but what else might she ask of me? Endanger my soul? Give up my blood? â€Å"That spell only works for someone you know,† she explained. â€Å"This one will help you find someone you’ve never met before.† I frowned. As much as I didn’t like magic, I did like problem solving – and the puzzles magic often presented intrigued me. â€Å"How will I know who to look for, then?† Ms. Terwilliger handed me a photograph. My eyes had adjusted to the darkness, and I looked into the face of a pretty young woman. There was a striking resemblance between her and my teacher, though it wasn’t initially obvious. Rather than Ms. Terwilliger’s dull brown hair, this woman’s was dark, nearly black. She was also much more glamorous, dressed in a black satin evening gown that was a far cry from Ms. Terwilliger’s usual hippie attire. Despite those ostensible differences, the two women shared the same high cheekbones and aquiline eyes. I glanced back up. â€Å"She’s related to you.† â€Å"She’s my older sister,† Ms. Terwilliger confirmed, her voice remarkably flat. Older? I would’ve guessed this woman was at least ten years younger. â€Å"Is she missing?† I asked. When I’d scried before, it had been to find a kidnapped friend. Ms. Terwilliger’s lips twitched. â€Å"Not in the way you’re thinking.† From the never-ending duffel bag, she produced a small leather book and opened it to a marked page. Squinting at where she indicated, I could make out handwritten Latin words describing the mirror and herbal concoction she’d dumped on me. Following that were directions on how to use the spell. No bloodletting, thankfully. â€Å"It sounds too simple,† I said suspiciously. I’d learned that spells that only had a few steps and components usually required a lot of mental energy. I’d passed out from the other scrying spell. She nodded, guessing my thoughts. â€Å"It takes a lot of focus – more than the last one. But, as much as you don’t want to hear this, your strength has grown enough that you’ll probably have an easier time than before.† I scowled. She was right. I didn’t want to hear that. Or did I? Part of me knew I should refuse to go along with this madness. Another part of me worried she’d abandon me in the desert if I didn’t help. And still another part was insanely curious to see how this would all work. Taking a deep breath, I recited the book’s incantation and then set the picture in the middle of the mirror. I repeated the incantation and removed the picture. Leaning forward, I stared into the shining surface, trying to clear my mind and let myself become one with the darkness and moonlight. A hum of energy coursed through me, much more quickly than I expected. Nothing changed in the mirror right away, though. Only my reflection peered back at me, the poor lighting dulling my blond hair, which looked terrible both from sleeping on it and having a bunch of dried plants hanging in its strands. The energy continued to build in me, growing surprisingly warm and exhilarating. I closed my eyes and sank into it. I felt like I was floating in the moonlight, like I was the moonlight. I could’ve stayed that way forever. â€Å"Do you see anything?† Ms. Terwilliger’s voice was an unwelcome interruption to my blissful state, but I obediently opened my eyes and looked into the mirror. My reflection was gone. A silvery gray mist hung in front of a building, but I knew the mist wasn’t physical. It was magically produced, a mental barrier to keep me from seeing the image that lay beyond it. Strengthening my will, I pushed my mind passed that barrier, and after a few moments, the mist shattered. â€Å"I see a building.† My voice echoed oddly in the night. â€Å"An old Victorian house. Dark red, with a traditional covered porch. There are hydrangea bushes in front of it. There’s a sign too, but I can’t read it.† â€Å"Can you tell where the house is?† My teacher’s voice seemed very far away. â€Å"Look around it.† I tried to pull back, to extend my vision beyond the house. It took a few moments, but slowly, the image panned out as though I were watching a movie, revealing a neighborhood of similar houses, all Victorian with wide porches and creeping vines. They were a beautiful, perfect piece of history set in the modern world. â€Å"Nothing exact,† I told her. â€Å"Just some quaint residential street.† â€Å"Go back further. See the larger picture.† I did, and it was like I drifted up into the sky, looking down upon the neighborhood the way some soaring bird would. The houses extended into more neighborhoods, which eventually gave way to industrial and commercial areas. I continued moving back. The businesses became more and more densely packed. More streets crisscrossed between them. The buildings grew taller and taller, eventually materializing into a familiar skyline. â€Å"Los Angeles,† I said. â€Å"The house is on the outskirts of Los Angeles.† I heard a sharp intake of breath, followed by: â€Å"Thank you, Miss Melbourne. That will be all.† A hand suddenly waved across my field of vision, shattering the city image. Also shattered was that state of euphoria. I was no longer floating, no longer made of light. I came crashing down to reality, down to the rocky desert landscape and my stuffy pajamas. I felt exhausted and shaky, like I might faint. Ms. Terwilliger handed me a thermos full of orange juice, which I drank greedily. As the nutrients hit my system and strengthened me, I began to feel a little better. Intense magic use depleted blood sugar. â€Å"Does that help?† I asked, once I’d downed the thermos. A nagging voice inside me started to chastise about how many calories were in orange juice, but I ignored it. â€Å"Was that what you wanted to know?† Ms. Terwilliger gave me a smile that didn’t extend to her eyes. â€Å"It helps, yes. Was it what I wanted?† She stared off into the distance. â€Å"No, not exactly. I was hoping you’d name some other city. Some city far, far away.† I picked up my cross and refastened it around my neck. The familiar object brought on a sense of normality after what I’d just done. It also made me feel guilty, looking back on the euphoric high the magic had given me. Humans weren’t supposed to wield magic – and they certainly weren’t supposed to enjoy it. Running my fingers over the cross’s surface, I found myself thinking of Adrian again. Had he ever worn it? Or had he just kept it around for luck? Had his fingers traced the cross’s shape like mine often did? Ms. Terwilliger began gathering her things. When she stood up, I followed suit. â€Å"What does it mean exactly, ma’am?† I asked. â€Å"That I saw Los Angeles?† I followed her back toward the car, and she didn’t answer right away. When she did, her voice was uncharacteristically grim. â€Å"It means that she’s much closer than I would like. It also means, whether you want to or not, you’re going to have to work on improving your magical skills very, very quickly.† I came to a halt. Suddenly, I felt angry. Enough was enough. I was exhausted and ached all over. She’d dragged me out here in the middle of the night and now had the presumption to make a statement like that when she knew how I felt about magic? Worse, her words frightened me. What did I have to do with this? This was her spell, her cause. Yet, she’d given the directive with such force, such certainty, that it almost seemed as though I was the reason we’d come out here to this wasteland. â€Å"Ma’am – † I began. Ms. Terwilliger spun around and leaned toward me so that there were only a few inches between us. I gulped, swallowing whatever outraged words I’d been about to utter. I’d never seen her look like this. She wasn’t scary, not exactly, but there was an intensity I’d never seen before, far different from the usual scattered teacher I knew. She also looked . . . frightened. Life or death. â€Å"Sydney,† she said, in a rare use of my first name. â€Å"Let me assure you that this is not some trick on my part. You will improve upon your skills, whether you like it or not. And it’s not because I’m cruel, not because I’m trying to fulfill some selfish desire. It’s not even because I hate seeing you waste your ability.† â€Å"Then why?† I asked in a small voice. â€Å"Why do I need to learn more?† The wind whispered around us, blowing some of the dried leaves and flowers from my hair. The shadows we cast took on an ominous feel, and the moonlight and starlight that had seemed so divine earlier now felt cold and harsh. â€Å"Because,† Ms. Terwilliger said. â€Å"It’s for your own protection.† How to cite The Indigo Spell Chapter One, Essay examples

Consumer Behaviour For International Marketing Strategy - Free Solutio

Question: Discuss about the Consumer Behaviour for International Marketing Strategy. Answer: Introduction: With increasing competition in the global market, every organization is looking to initiate effective marketing strategy in order to achieve competitive advantage in the market. Specifically, globalization has provided organizations huge potential market for enhancing the business in an appropriate manner. Now, implementation of effective marketing strategy heavily depends on several factors that organizations need to utilize in an effective way. In this report, the focus will be on one of the pioneers in wristwatch industry namely Rolex. Hans Wilsdorf and Alfred Davis established Rolex watches in the year of 1905 ("Discover more on Rolex.com", 2016). Thus, the organization is the business for more than 100 years that establish the fact that the focus organization has able to implement effective marketing strategy for reaching to its target group of customers. In this report, the focus will be on the implemented marketing strategy for Oyster and Cellini collections 2016 of Rolex watc hes, so that it can able to create desired impact on the market. In this report, in-depth analysis will be provided on the entire decision-making process of the Rolex watches in order to highlight the kind of impact it can have on the market. The report will also provide analysis of different factors that are creating impact on the overall effectiveness of the implemented strategies. Furthermore, it also has provided recommendations for Rolex watches so that it can able to achieve sustainable growth in the market. Situation analysis of the company: As highlighted by Perreault Jr, Cannon McCarthy (2013) situation analysis can help organization to identify its present position in the market. Several theories and models have been developed for analyzing the present situation of the organization in an appropriate way. BCG matrix is among the most popular technique for the evaluation of the present situation of a particular organization in the market. Thus, the BCG analysis for Rolex watches is provided as follows: Dogs: As highlighted by Ferrell Hartline (2012) dogs represent an organization with low growth rate and low market share. Thus, it actually represents a business with very little potential to achieve sustainable growth in the market. Now, Rolex is regarded as the most esteemed brand in the global market. Therefore, it is obvious that the organization will have huge potential to grow business even further. Thus, Rolex cannot be categorized under the dog segment. Question mark: Question mark represents an organization with low market share in a high growth market (Berthon et al., 2012). Thus, it primarily highlights an organization that has just started business in a particular industry. Thus, Rolex can also not be included in the question mark section, as it is in the business for more than 100 years. Furthermore, Rolex has major share of the luxury watch market that keeps the organization out of question mark section. Cash cows: As highlighted by Armstrong et al. (2012) cash cow represents an organization with high market share but very limited growth opportunity. However, implemented marketing strategies of Rolex have provided enough opportunity for increasing the market share in an appropriate way. Therefore, the organization definitely does not belong to the cash cow segment of BCG matrix. Stars: As highlighted by Morgan, Katsikeas Vorhies (2012) star represents an organization with large market share in the fast growing market. Now, Rolex is the market leader in providing luxury wristwatches in the global market. Therefore, it can be easily assessed that the organization is in the star segment of BCG matrix. Furthermore, as the organization is launching new brands, it is expected that it will continuously able to grow its market share in the market. Target market description: As per the article by Chaffey Ellis-Chadwick (2012), proper utilization of target marketing strategy allows organizations to reach to the potential customers in an appropriate way. Specifically, target market helps all the multinational organizations to identify and implement effective penetration strategies in order to fulfil all the marketing objectives. Now, Oyster and Cellini collections 2016 of Rolex represent luxury watches that are extremely expensive comparatively to any other wristwatches available in the market. Thus, Rolex target marketing strategy will have to target people with specific level of income. Thus, the targeting strategy of the organization will have to be extremely specific. Otherwise, it will not able to create desired impact on the market. Thus, Rolex targeting strategy includes market segmentation approach in order to reach to the potential customers. Geographical segmentation of Rolex focuses on the developed countries so that it can able to create positive impact on the market (Kotler et al., 2015). On the other hand, demographical segmentation of Rolex focuses on the age group between 30 to 55 years people. However, the prime focus of Rolex will have to on the income group of people, as the expenses of Rolex watches is very much unaffordable for people living with below or average income level. Target market decision-making process: As per the article by Solomon, Russell-Bennett Previte (2013) decision-making process is extremely important for fulfilling all the marketing objectives of the organization. Now, Rolex utilizes systematic procedure at the time of developing decisions for fulfilling all the objectives in an appropriate way. Firstly, the decision-making process of Rolex focuses on to evaluate the kind of challenges it has to face at the time of placing products in the target market. Therefore, Rolex has implemented different survey techniques in order to identify the needs of the target market in an appropriate way. For instance, the taste and preferences of the markets are expected to change over time. Therefore, it is necessary for the organization to identify the change in needs in an appropriate manner (Ekesa et al., 2015). Rolex has to develop decisions in order to identify the needs of the market in an appropriate way. Thus, the decision making process of the organization focuses on the effectiv e evaluation of alternative marketing strategies in order to create maximum impact on the market. Alternative evaluation requires effective utilization of market survey, as it will provide an idea regarding the prime challenges that organization has to face in near future. For instance, Rolex needs to evaluate the competitors business strategy to reach to its potential customers in an effective manner. Thereafter, Rolex focuses on the development of marketing campaign in order to reach to its targeted customers. Now, as the target market of the organization are high income group people, the decision-making process regarding the implementation of marketing strategy also focused on the factors like sense of satisfaction or achievement. It is important for the organization, as it induce people to fulfil their esteemed needs. Furthermore, Rolex decision-making process also has to include the brand positioning strategy, which is necessary for fulfilling all the marketing objectives. As per the article by Tingchi et al. (2013) positioning refers to a particular place that a brand occupies in the mind of the potential customers. Thus, it is essential for Rolex to develop decisions in such a way so that it can able to create desired impact on the mind of the customers. Two social influences on buying behaviour: As highlighted by Duarte, Raposo Ferraz (2013) consumer buying behaviour refers to the purchase, selection and consumption pattern of the people for fulfilling all the wants in an appropriate manner. Several social factors can have impact on the purchasing pattern of the people. In order to evaluate the buying behaviour of Rolex customers, family and references group has to be evaluated in an effective manner. Many studies have highlighted the fact that reference group has the potential to influence a particular individual for buying a particular product. Specifically, if the brands or the products are visible like dress, watches, shoes or phones, it can easily instigate other people of the groups to purchase similar products. Now, Oyster and Cellini collections 2016 is the most updated version of Rolex watches that has very limited owners in the market. Therefore, if an individual display the purchase of that collection, it will also increase the desire of other individuals to purc hase similar brand products in the market. On the other hand, family is another major factor that can influence target customers of Rolex to purchase a particular product. As per the article by Hjort et al. (2013), family helps to develop perception and values of individuals that plays superior role in developing brand loyalty for an organization. For instance, if all the senior members of a particular family are loyal towards the Rolex brand then it is expected that the culture of the family will also induce junior members to remain loyal of similar brand. Thus, family plays critical role in developing brand loyalty for organizations, which eventually affects the buying behaviour of the customers. Two psychological influences on buying behaviour: As highlighted by Badgaiyan Verma (2014) psychological behaviour can also have major impact on the overall buying behaviour of the customers. Understanding the psychology of the customers is significantly important for an organization for achieving sustainable growth in the market. Studies have highlighted four prime psychological factors including motivation, perception, learning and beliefs attitudes that can have major impact on the buying behaviour of the potential customers. However, it has been assessed that motivation and beliefs attitudes are the prime two factors that can influence people to purchase new edition of Rolex watches. As mentioned earlier, Rolex target market is only high-income group people. Therefore, people with specific income level can actually afford the cost of Rolex watches. Thus, it is necessary to have high level of motivation for purchasing Rolex products. Maslows hierarchy needs theory has highlighted different types of need that an individual can have in order to lead their life properly (Westwood, 2013). Now, motivation for luxury products like Rolex watches can be categorised under esteem needs of individuals, as it provides a sense of satisfaction among the customers. On the other hand, beliefs and attitudes is another significant psychological factor that can also influence the buying behaviour of individuals. Aday Yener (2014) have highlighted that beliefs requires strong brand positing for the organization. Now, Rolex is among the top luxury wristwatches manufacturers that have strong brand value in the market. Therefore, it is expected that the brand name of Rolex will help to create positive psychological impact on the potential customers mind that eventually help to create positive beliefs and attitudes towards each product of the organization. Thus, it is necessary for Rolex to focus on the effective development of beliefs and attitudes of the potential customers in order to influence them to purchase products of the organization. Two personal influences on buying behaviour: As highlighted by Hollensen (2015) analysis of customer buying behaviour is an extremely difficult process, as it requires analysis of many factors. Now, personal influences are also considered among the prime factors that can have major impact on the buying behaviour of the potential customers. Many studies have highlighted different personal attributes including occupation, economical condition, age, personality and lifestyle that can have impact on the purchasing decision of the customers. However, in case of purchasing luxury products like Oyster and Cellini collections 2016 of Rolex, economical condition and personality are the prime personal attributes that can have major impact on the behavioural pattern of the potential customers. As the watch collections of Rolex are extremely expensive, it almost become unaffordable for an individual with limited income. Thus, economical condition or financial support needs to be strong for the people willing to buy Rolex products. Conversely, people with limited income source will not view Rolex products as alternative option. Therefore, it will also affect the buying behaviour of that particular individual (Terpstra, Foley Sarathy, 2012). On the other hand, personality is another significantly important personal attribute that can have impact on the buying behavioural pattern of the customers. For instances, a music lover individual will always look for music related equipments. Therefore, an individual with addiction to luxury equipments is expected to look for different alternatives for purchase. Thus, it will create positive impact on influencing people to purchase Rolex products. Four marketing strategy recommendation: As per the article by Brooksbank (2013) proper utilization of marketing strategies are necessary for fulfilling all the marketing objectives in an appropriate manner. However, effectiveness of marketing strategies will have to be developed in such a way so that it can easily go with the image of the organization. For instance, marketing strategy for Rolex will have to focus towards maintaining the standard of the brand name in the market. With increasing competition, it has become necessary for Rolex to evaluate the marketing strategies continuously so that it can able to reach to all the potential customers. Four recommended marketing strategies for Rolex are as follows: Online advertisements: With increasing popularity of internet and social media, every organization has tried to utilize the platform for fulfilling all the marketing objectives (Pike Page, 2014). Therefore, Rolex also need to utilize the online platform to reach to the global potential customers in an effective way. Furthermore, Rolex needs to utilize social media platform as a tool for communicating with the potential customers. It not only will help the organization to identify the needs of the customers but also will create positive impact on solving any query in an appropriate way. Therefore, it will eventually help to create strong brand name in the market, which will create positive impact on businesses of Rolex. Magazine advertisements: Rolex also needs to utilize business magazines for reaching to the potential customers in an appropriate way. It is expected that all the people with high-income read prime business magazines on daily basis. Therefore, placing advertisements on magazines like GQ and Maxim will allow the company to create positive impact on the mind of potential customers. Furthermore, Rolex needs to utilize magazines to educate people about the quality of the provided wristwatches so that it can add value to the organization. Advertisements at major sport events: Rolex also needs to strategically place advertisement on all the major sporting events, as it will help to create desired impact on the market. The advertisements for the sporting events also need to be eye-catching and gripping so that it can able to grab the attention of the potential customers in an appropriate way. Sponsorship: Sponsorship is another prime marketing tool that Rolex needs to consider for fulfilling all the marketing objectives in appropriate manner. For instance, sponsorship in one of the most popular sporting events namely Wimbledon has helped the organization to increase popularity in the market. 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